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1 Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
2 Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
3 Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: poiversen{at}hotmail.com.
Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) are prone to increased skeletal muscle fatigue. A frequent finding in CHF is elevated circulatory concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) 
and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and these molecules may stimulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and thereby contribute to skeletal muscle dysfunction. However, whether skeletal muscle MMP activity is altered in CHF, is unknown. Hence we now used a gelatinase assay to assess the activity of MMP and of tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP) in single skeletal muscles of rats with a six-week postinfarction CHF. Sham-operated rats were used as controls. We also measured the gene expression and protein contents of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in skeletal muscles of these rats. Plasma MMP activity was nearly 7 times higher (P < 0.05) in CHF than in Sham. Concomitantly the MMP activity within single slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscles of CHF increased two to four-fold compared with Sham, whereas TIMP activity did not differ
(P > 0.05). Preformed MMP-2 and MMP-9 were probably activated in CHF since neither their gene expression nor protein levels were altered (P > 0.05). The serum concentrations of TNF and MCP-1 remained unchanged (P > 0.05) between CHF and Sham during the six-week observation period. We conclude that the development of CHF in rats enhances MMP activity which in turn may distort the normal contractile function of skeletal muscle thereby contributing to increased skeletal muscle fatigue.
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