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on Fatigue Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage
1 Applied Physiology, Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
2 Pathology and Microbiology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jmdavis{at}sc.edu.
Brain cytokines, induced by various inflammatory challenges have been linked to sickness behaviors, including fatigue. However, the relationship between brain cytokines and fatigue following exercise is not well understood. Delayed recovery of running performance following muscle-damaging downhill running is associated with increased brain IL-1
concentration as compared to uphill running. However, there has been no systematic evaluation of the direct effect of brain IL-1 on running performance following exercise-induced muscle damage. This study examined the specific role of brain IL-1 on running performance (either treadmill or wheel running) following uphill and downhill running by manipulating brain IL-1 activity via ICV injection of either IL-1ra (downhill runners) or IL-1 (uphill runners). Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to: uphill-saline (UP-SAL), uphill-IL-1 (UP-IL-1), downhill-saline (DWN-SAL) or downhill-IL-1ra (DWN-IL-1ra). Mice initially ran on motor-driven treadmill at 22 m/min and -14% or +14% grade, for 150 min. After the run, at 8 hr (wheel-cage) or 22 hr (treadmill), UP mice received ICV injections of IL-1 (900pg in 2µL saline) or saline (2µL) whereas DWN runners received IL-1ra (1.8µg in 2µL saline) or saline (2µL). Two hours later running performance was measured (wheel running activity & treadmill run-to-fatigue). Injection of IL-1 significantly decreased wheel running activity in uphill runners (p<0.01), whereas IL-1ra improved wheel running in downhill runners (p<0.05). Similarly, IL-1 decreased and Il-1ra increased run-time to fatigue in the uphill and downhill runners respectively (p<0.01). These results support the hypothesis that increased brain IL-1 plays an important role in fatigue following muscle-damaging exercise.
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