Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Sedentary animals compared to physically active controls exhibit enhanced sympathoexcitatory responses including arterial baroreflex mediated sympathoexcitation. Hypotension-induced sympathoexcitation is also associated with the release of vasoactive hormones. We hypothesized that sedentary conditions may enhance release of the vasoactive hormones arginine vasopressin (AVP) and angiotensin II (Ang II). To test this, the humoral response to hypotension was examined in conscious rats after 9-12 weeks of sedentary conditions or "normally active" conditions. "Normally active" conditions were produced by allowing rats access to running wheels in their home cages. Running distance peaked after 4 weeks (4.5 ± 0.7 km/day) and the total distance run after 9 weeks was 174 ± 23 km (n=25). Similar levels of hypotension were induced in conscious sedentary or physically active animals with the arterial vasodilator, diazoxide (25 mg/kg, i.v.). Control experiments utilized a saline injection of equivalent volume. Plasma samples were collected and assayed for plasma AVP concentration and plasma renin activity (PRA). Sedentary conditions significantly enhanced resting and hypotension-induced PRA relative to normal physical activity. In contrast, resting and hypotension-induced AVP levels were not statistically different between groups. These data suggest that baroreflex mediated activation of the renin-angiotensin system but not AVP secretion is enhanced by sedentary conditions. We speculate that augmented activation of the renin-angiotensin system may be related to enhanced sympathetic outflow observed in sedentary animals and may contribute to increased risk of cardiovascular disease in the sedentary population.