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1 Perinatal Research Centre, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Physiology, Centre for the Early Origins of Adult Health, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Centre for the Early Origins of Adult Health, School of Molecular and Biomedial Science, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
2 Perinatal Research Centre, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
3 Physiology, Centre for the Early Origins of Adult Health, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Centre for the Early Origins of Adult Health, School of Molecular and Biomedial Science, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sandra.davidge{at}ualberta.ca.
In response to reduced oxygen or nutrient supply, the fetus may redistribute cardiac output to conserve brain and heart growth, at the expense of the peripheral tissues. It is not known, however, whether alterations in vascular function are maintained after birth, or whether reduced fetal oxygen, versus nutrient supply produce distinct effects. Using a pressure myograph, we examined isolated carotid and femoral artery responses to phenylephrine and endothelin-1 in neonatal rats, following either reduced maternal oxygen or global nutrient restriction during late gestation. Timed-pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control, (C, n=10), hypoxia, (H, 12% O2, n=9) or nutrient restriction (NR, 40% of control diet, n=7) protocol and treated from d15-21 of pregnancy. Pups were collected 3-12h after birth. Neonatal weights (P < 0.001), and relative liver weights (P < 0.001) were lower in H and NR compared to C, while relative heart weights were greater in H than in C or NR (P < 0.01). Constriction to phenylephrine was reduced in carotid arteries from H and NR compared to C (P<0.001), while the femoral artery response was greater in H neonates compared to C or NR (P<0.01). Only H reduced carotid responses to endothelin-1, while no differences were observed in the endothelin-1 responses in femoral arteries. Maternal hypoxia and maternal nutrient restriction produced distinct effects on heart growth and neonatal vascular function, suggesting that regional changes in cardiovascular function following poor fetal growth are dependent on the nature of the insult in utero.
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