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1 Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Copenhagen 
, Denmark
2 Department of Molecular Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen , Denmark
3 Department of Molecular Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
4 Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jbangsbo{at}aki.ku.dk.
The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of two different intense exercise training regimes on skeletal muscle ion transport systems, performance and metabolic response to different types of exercise. Thirteen subjects were divided into two training groups: either performing repeated 6-s sprints (sprint training: ST; n=6) or 30-s runs (~130% VO2 max; speed endurance training: SET; n=7). The training in SET provoked higher (P<0.05) plasma K+ levels and muscle lactate/H+ accumulation. Only in SET the amount of the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (31%) and Na+/K+-ATPase isoform 
2 (68%) was elevated (P<0.05) after training. Both groups had higher (P<0.05) levels of Na+/K+-ATPase isoform 
1 and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), but no change in MCT4 and Na+/K+-ATPase isoform 1. Both groups had a greater (P<0.05) accumulation of lactate during exhaustive intermittent exercise and higher (P<0.05) rates of muscle lactate decrease after exercise, but only SET had a faster increase (P<0.05) in muscle pH in recovery. ST improved (P<0.05) sprint performance, whereas SET elevated (P<0.05) performance during exhaustive continuous treadmill running. The improvement in the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test was larger (P<0.05) in SET than ST (29% vs. 10%). Only SET had a decrease (P<0.05) in fatigue index during the repeated sprint test. In conclusion, turnover of lactate/H+ and K+ in muscle during exercise does affect the adaptations of some but not all related muscle ion transport proteins with training. The adaptations with training do have an effect on the metabolic response to exercise and specific improvement in work capacity.
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