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1 South Bend Center For Medical Education, Indiana University School of Medicine, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
2 South Bend Center For Medical Education, Indiana University School of Medicine, Notre Dame, IN, USA
3 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: olson.1{at}nd.edu.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a recently identified endogenous vasodilator in mammals. In steelhead/rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Osteichthyes), H2S produces both dosedependent dilation and a unique dose-dependent constriction. In this study we examined H2S vasoactivity in all vertebrate classes to determine if H2S is universally vasoactive and to identify phylogenetic and/or environmental trends. H2S was generated from NaHS and examined in unstimulated and precontracted systemic, and when applicable, pulmonary arteries (PA) from Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stouti, Agnatha), sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus, Agnatha), sandbar shark (Carcharhinus milberti, Chondrichthyes), marine toad (Bufo marinus, Amphibia), American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis, Reptilia), Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus, Aves), and white rat (Rattus rattus, Mammalia). In otherwise unstimulated vessels, NaHS produced: (1) a dose-dependent relaxation of Pacific hagfish dorsal aorta; (2) a dosedependent contraction of sea lamprey dorsal aorta, marine toad aorta, alligator aorta and PA, duck aorta, and rat thoracic aorta; (3) a threshold relaxation of shark ventral aorta, dorsal aorta, and afferent branchial artery; (4) a multi-phasic contraction-relaxation-contraction in the marine toad PA, duck PA and rat PA. Pre-contraction of these vessels with another agonist did not affect the general pattern of NaHS vasoactivity with the exception of the rat aorta, where relaxation was now dominant. These results show that H2S is a phylogenetically ancient and versatile vasoregulatory molecule that appears to have been opportunistically engaged to suit both organ-specific and species-specific homeostatic requirements.
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