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Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol (January 20, 2005). doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00366.2004
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Submitted on June 1, 2004
Accepted on January 10, 2005

Increased Blood Pressure in the Offspring of Diabetic Mothers

Rogerio B Wichi1, Silvia B Souza1, Dulce E Casarini2, Mariana Morris3, Maria Luiza Barreto-Chaves4, and Maria Claudia Irigoyen5*

1 Nephrology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP - EPM), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hypertension, Heart Institute (INCOR) of Medical School - University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
2 Nephrology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP - EPM), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
3 Pharmacology & Toxicology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
4 Anatomy, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
5 Hypertension, Heart Institute (INCOR) of Medical School - University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hipirigoyen{at}incor.usp.br.

Studies were conducted in rats to determine the effect of maternal diabetes and the consequent hyperglycemia on cardiovascular function in the offspring. Diabetes was induced in pregnant Wistar rats through streptozotocin injection (50 mg/kg). Cardiovascular parameters were measured in 2-month old offspring animals of diabetic (OD, n =12) and control rats (OC, n=8). Arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), baroreflex sensitivity, and vascular responsiveness to phenylephrine (PH) and sodium nitroprusside (SN) were measured. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in heart, kidney, and lung was determined. OD rats exhibited increases in systolic AP (138 ± 8 vs. 119 ± 6 mm Hg, OD vs. OC) with no change in HR (342±21 vs. 364±39 bpm, OD vs. OC). The reflex tachycardia elicited by SN was reduced in OD rats as indicated by the slope of the linear regression (-2.2 ± 0.4 vs. - 3.6 ± 0.8 bpm/mm Hg, OD vs. OC). Vascular responsiveness to PH was increased 63% in OD rats as compared to OC.OD rats showed increases in ACE activity in heart, kidney, and lung (1.13 ± 0.24, 3.04 ± 0.86, 40.8 ± 8.9 vs. 0.73 ± 0.19, 1.7 ± 0.45, 28.1 ± 6 nmol His-Leu/min/mg protein, OD vs. OC). Results suggest that diabetes during pregnancy affects cardiovascular function in offspring, seen as hypertension, baroreflex dysfunction, and activation of tissue RAS.






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