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1 Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: lisa.leon{at}na.amedd.army.mil.
The implantation of a biotelemetry transmitter for core body temperature (Tc) and motor activity (MA) measurements is hypothesized to have effects on growth and circadian rhythmicity depending on animal body:transmitter (B:T) size ratio. This study examined the impact of transmitter implantation (TM) on body weight (BW), food intake (FI), water intake (WI) and circadian Tc and MA rhythms in mice (23.8±0.04g) and rats (311.5±5.1g) receiving no treatment (NT), anesthesia (ANEST), laparotomy (LAP) and TM. The B:T size ratio was 6:1 and 84:1 for mice and rats, respectively. In mice, BW required 14 days to recover to pre-surgical levels and never attained the level of the other groups. FI recovered in 3 days whereas WI never reached pre-surgical levels. Rat BW did not decrease below pre-surgical levels. FI and WI recovered to pre-surgical levels in rats by day 2 post-surgery. Anesthesia decreased mouse BW for 1 week, but was without effect in rats. LAP significantly decreased BW for 5 days in mice and 1 day in rats, showing a significant effect of the surgical procedure in the absence of TM in both species. Circadian Tc and MA rhythms were evident within the first week in both species, indicating dissociation between circadian rhythmicity and recovery of growth variables. Cosinor analysis showed a TM effect on Tc min, Tc max, mesor, amplitude and period of mice, while only the amplitude of the rhythm was affected in rats. These data indicate that a large B:T size ratio is associated with minimization of the adverse effects of surgical implantation. We recommend that B:T size ratio, recovery of pre-surgical BW and display of a robust circadian Tc and MA rhythm be established prior to collection of biotelemetry data collection under an experimental paradigm.
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