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1 Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: miles.deblasio{at}adelaide.edu.au.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is associated with accelerated growth after birth and together predict reduced lean tissue mass and increased obesity in later life. Although placental insufficiency is a major cause of IUGR, whether it alters growth and adiposity in early postnatal life is not known. We hypothesised that placental restriction (PR) in the sheep would reduce size at birth, increase postnatal growth rate, fat mass and feeding activity in the young lamb. PR reduced survival rate and size at birth, with soft tissues reduced to a greater extent than skeletal tissues, and relative sparing of head width (p<0.05 for all). PR did not alter absolute growth rates (AGR), but increased neonatal fractional growth rates (AGR relative to size at birth) for body weight (+24%), tibia (+15%) and metatarsal (+18%) lengths, hind limb (+23%) and abdominal (+19%) circumferences, and increased fractional growth rates for current weight (p<0.05), weekly throughout the first 45 days of life. PR and small size at birth reduced individual skeletal muscle weights and increased visceral adiposity in absolute and relative terms. PR also altered feeding activity, which increased with decreasing size at birth and was predictive of increased postnatal growth and adiposity. In conclusion, PR reduced size at birth and induced catch-up growth postnatally, normalising weight and length, but increasing adiposity, in early postnatal life. Increased feeding activity may contribute to these alterations in growth and body composition following prenatal restraint, and if they persist, may lead to adverse metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes in later life.
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