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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print November 23, 2001
Am J Physiol Regu Physiol, 10.1152/ajpregu.00465.2001
Submitted on August 2, 2001
Accepted on November 21, 2001
1 Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
2 Division of Perinatal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Jacqueline.Wallace{at}rri.sari.ac.uk.
To establish physiological mechanisms for fetal growth restriction in pregnant adolescent ewes we studied uterine, fetal, and uteroplacental metabolism in ewes offered a high (n=12) or moderate (n=10) dietary intake. High intakes decreased placental (226 vs 414g, P<0.001) and fetal weight (3323 vs 4626g, P<0.01). Uterine blood flow was reduced absolutely (-36%) but proportional to conceptus weight; umbilical blood flow was reduced absolutely (-37%) and per fetal weight (-15%). Uterine oxygen uptake was decreased per conceptus weight (-14%); there was no change in fetal weight specific oxygen consumption. Uteroplacental oxygen consumption and clearance were reduced proportional to weight. Similar changes were measured for glucose fluxes and fetal glucose concentration; fetal insulin concentration was reduced. In this model of fetal growth restriction, therefore, maintenance of fetal weight specific glucose and oxygen consumption rates, producing relative hypoglycemia and hypoxemia, indicates increased fetal glucose clearance and/or insulin sensitivity as compensatory mechanisms to preserve normal fetal metabolism while fetal growth is sacrificed.
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