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1 Biochemistry of Aging Laboratory, Center for Exercise Science, Box 118206, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
2 Center for Exercise Science, Box 118206, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
3 Molecular Ageing Research, Institute of Environmental Medical Research, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: cleeuwen{at}ufl.edu.
Lifelong caloric restriction (CR) reduces the rate of mitochondrial oxidant production, the accumulation of oxidized proteins, and prevents some of the age-associated decline in 20S proteasome activity. However, few studies have investigated how rapidly the beneficial effects of CR take place. We investigated whether 2 months of CR in six-month-old rats would be of sufficient duration to elicit these beneficial changes. Mitochondrial oxidant production was significantly diminished in the CR rats compared to the ad libitum (AL) fed animals. Short-term CR also caused a significant decrease in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities but there were no differences in cytosolic SOD and GPX activities, while mitochondrial and cytosolic catalase (CAT) activity was increased with CR. However, protein carbonyl content was significantly elevated in both the mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions from CR rats. Of the three major 20S proteasome activities (chymotrypsin-like, trypsin-like, and peptidylglutamyl-peptide hydrolase), the peptidylglutamyl-peptide hydrolase activity was significantly elevated in the CR animals, possibly due to the fact that there were more oxidized proteins to be degraded. Although fewer oxidants were produced in the CR animals, it is possible that the ability to scavenge oxidants was transiently suppressed due to the reduction in mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme activities, which may explain the observed increases in carbonyl content.
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