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1 Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
2 Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
3 Sector of Medicine, Scuola Superiore S. Anna, Pisa, Italy; Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, 10595, United States
4 Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: pappz{at}dote.hu.
The increase in Ca2+ sensitivity of isometric force development along with sarcomere length (SL) is considered as the basis of the Frank-Starling law of the heart, possibly involving the regulation of cross-bridge turnover kinetics. Therefore, the Ca2+ dependencies of isometric force production and of the cross-bridge sensitive rate constant of force redevelopment (ktr) were determined at different SLs (1.9 µm and 2.3 µm) in isolated human, murine and porcine permeabilized cardiomyocytes. ktr was also determined in the presence of 10 mM inorganic phosphate (Pi), which interfered with the force-generating cross-bridge transitions. The increases in Ca2+ sensitivities of force with SL were very similar in human, murine and porcine cardiomyocytes (
pCa50:~0.11). ktr was higher (P<0.05) in mice than in humans or pigs at all [Ca2+] levels (ktr,max at a SL of 1.9 µm and pCa 4.75: 1.33±0.11 s-1, 7.44±0.15 s-1 and 1.02±0.05 s-1, in humans, mice and pigs, respectively) but ktr did not depend on SL in any species. Moreover, when the ktr values for each species were expressed relative to their respective maxima, similar Ca2+ dependencies were obtained. 10 mM Pi decreased force to ~60-65% and left
pCa50 unaltered in all three species. Pi increased ktr,max by a factor of ~1.6 in humans and pigs, and by a factor of ~3 in mice, independently of SL. In conclusion: species differences exert a major influence on ktr, but SL does not appear to modulate the cross-bridge turnover rates in human, murine and porcine hearts.
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