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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print October 3, 2002
Am J Physiol Regu Physiol, 10.1152/ajpregu.00587.2001
Submitted on September 25, 2001
Accepted on September 20, 2002
1 Physiology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Health Sciences and Nutrition, CSIRO, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
2 Health Sciences and Nutrition, CSIRO, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
3 Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
4 Physiology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: julie.owens{at}adelaide.edu.au.
Maternal nutrient restriction and impaired fetal growth are associated with postnatal insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and glucose intolerance in humans, but not consistently in other species, such as the rat or sheep. We therefore determined the effect of mild (85% ad libitum intake per kg body weight) or moderate (70% ad libitum intake per kg body weight) maternal feed restriction throughout pregnancy, on glucose and insulin responses to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) in the young adult guinea pig. Maternal feed restriction reduced birth weight (mild and moderate: both P<0.02) in male offspring. Moderate restriction increased plasma glucose area under the curve (P<0.04) and decreased the glucose tolerance index (KG) (P<0.02) during the IVGTT in male offspring, compared to those of mildly restricted, but not of ad libitum fed, mothers. Moderate restriction increased fasting plasma insulin (P<0.04, adjusted for litter size) and the insulin response to IVGTT (P<0.001), and both moderate and mild restriction increased the insulin to glucose ratio during the IVGTT (P<0.003 and P<0.02) in male offspring. When offspring were classed into tertiles according to birth weight, glucose tolerance was not altered, but fasting insulin concentrations were increased, in low, compared with medium birth weight males (P<0.03). The insulin to glucose ratio throughout the IVGTT was increased, in low, compared with medium (P<0.01) or high (P<0.05) birth weight males. Thus, maternal feed restriction in the guinea pig restricts fetal growth and causes hyperinsulinaemia in young adult male offspring, suggestive of insulin resistance. These findings suggest that mild to moderate prenatal perturbation programs postnatal glucose homeostasis adversely in the guinea pig, as in the human.
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