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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print January 24, 2002
Am J Physiol Regu Physiol, 10.1152/ajpregu.00612.2001
Submitted on October 10, 2001
Accepted on January 9, 2002
1 Departments of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
2 Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: moverton{at}mailer.fsu.edu.
The purpose of these studies was to utilize variations in caloric availability (fasting and caloric restriction) and in ambient temperature (standard Ta and thermoneutrality) to examine interrelationships between energy expenditure and cardiovascular function in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice (n = 6) were implanted with telemetry devices and housed in metabolic chambers for continuous measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2) and locomotor activity during 2 days of complete food removal (Ta = 23 ± 0.1°C). Fasting, initiated at the onset of the dark phase, resulted in large and transient depression in MAP, HR, VO2 and locomotor activity that occurred during hours 6-17 of the fast which suggest torpor-like episodes. The effects of less severe energetic challenges were studied by housing C57BL/6J mice in standard laboratory conditions (Ta = 23 ± 0.1°C, n = 5) or thermoneutrality (Ta = 30 ± 0.1°C, n = 6) during restricted feeding (60% of baseline food intake) for 14 days. Food restriction at Ta = 23°C resulted in progressive reductions in MAP and HR across days coupled with an increasing occurrence of episodic torpor-like reductions in HR (<300 bpm on day 14) and VO2 (<1.0 ml/min on day 14). Exposure to thermoneutrality reduced baseline light-period MAP (-14 ± 2 mmHg) and HR (-184 ± 12 bpm). Caloric restriction at thermoneutrality produced further reductions in MAP and HR, but indications of torpor-like episodes were absent. Overall, these results reveal that mice exhibit robust cardiovascular responses to both acute and chronic negative energy balance. Furthermore, we conclude that ambient temperature is a very important consideration when assessing cardiovascular function in mice, as this parameter influences both resting hemodynamics and the response to reduced caloric availability.
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