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1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: bkis{at}wfubmc.edu.
Acetaminophen is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug whose mechanism of action has recently been suggested to involve inhibitory effects on prostaglandin synthesis via a newly discovered cyclooyxgenase variant (COX-3). Since COX-3 expression is high in cerebral endothelium, we investigated the effect of acetaminophen on the prostaglandin production of cultured rat cerebral endothelial cells (CECs). Acetaminophen dose-dependently inhibited both basal and lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-induced PGE2 production in CECs with IC50 values of 15.5 µM and 6.9 µM, respectively. Acetaminophen also similarly inhibited the synthesis of 6-keto-PGF1
and TxB2. LPS stimulation increased the expression of COX-2 but not COX-1 or COX-3. In addition, the selective COX-2 inhibitor, NS398 (1 µM), was equally as effective as acetaminophen in blocking LPS-induced PGE2 production. Acetaminophen did not influence the expression of the three COX isoforms and the inducible nitric oxide synthase. In LPS-stimulated isolated microvessels acetaminophen also significantly inhibited PGE2 production. Our results show that prostaglandin production in CECs during basal and stimulated conditions is very sensitive to inhibition by acetaminophen and suggest that acetaminophen acts against COX-2 and not COX-1 or COX-3. Furthermore, our findings support a critical role for cerebral endothelium in the therapeutic actions of acetaminophen in the central nervous system.
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