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1 Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, D.F., Mexico
2 Pharmacology, UASLP Mexico, Mexico City, D.F., Mexico
3 Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, IVIC-Zulia, Maracaibo, ZULIA, Venezuela
4 Mexico City, D.F., Mexico; Pharmacology, UASLP Mexico, Mexico City, D.F., Mexico
5 Mexico City, D.F., Mexico; Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, D.F., Mexico
6 Nephrology, Hypertension, Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States; University of Florida, 1600 S.W. Archer Rd., Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States
7 Nephrology, Hospital Universitario, Maracaibo, ZULIA, Venezuela; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, IVIC-Zulia, Maracaibo, ZULIA, Venezuela
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: bernardori{at}telcel.net.ve.
Renal immune cell infiltration and cells expressing angiotensin II (AII) in tubulointerstitial areas of the kidney are features of experimental models of salt sensitive hypertension (SSHTN). A high salt intake tends to suppress circulating AII levels but intrarenal concentrations of AII have not been investigated in SSHTN. This study explored the relationship between these features to gain insight in the pathophysiology of SSHTN. Plasma AII and renal interstitial AII (microdialysis technique), and the infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes and AII positive cells were determined in SSHTN induced by 5 weeks of a high salt diet (HSD) after short-term infusion of angiotensin in rats with (n=10) and without (n=11) treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and in control rats fed a high (n=7) and normal (n=11) salt diet. As in previous studies, MMF did not affect AII-associated hypertension but reduced the interstitial inflammation and the SSHTN in the post AII-period. During the HSD period, the AII group untreated with MMF had low plasma (2.4±SD1.4 pg/ml) and high interstitial AII concentration (1310±208 pg/ml); MMF treatment resulted in significantly lower interstitial AII (454 ±128 pg/ml). Renal AII concentration and the number of tubulointerstitial AII positive cells were correlated. Blood pressure correlated positively with interstitial AII and negatively with plasma AII, thus giving compelling evidence of the paramount role of the AII within the kidney in the AII-induced model of salt-driven hypertension.
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