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Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol (June 3, 2004). doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00651.2003
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Submitted on November 7, 2003
Accepted on June 2, 2004

The effect of fasting on the VO2 and fH relationship in king penguins, Aptenodytes patagonicus

Andreas Fahlman1*, Yves Handrich2, Anthony J Woakes1, Charles A Bost2, Roger L Holder3, Claude Duchamp4, and Patrick J Butler1

1 School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
2 Centre d'Ecologie et Physiologie Energetiques, C.N.R.S., Strasbourg, Cedex, France
3 School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
4 Universite C. Bernard, Physiologie des Regulations Energetiques, Cellulaires et Moleculaires, Lyon, Cedex, France

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: andreas_fahlman{at}yahoo.com.

King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) may fast for up to 30 days during their breeding period. As such extended fasting may affect the relationship between the rate of oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (fH), five male king penguins were exercised at various speeds on repeated occasions during a fasting period of 24-31 days. In addition, the VO2 and fH were measured in the same animals during rest in cold air and water (4° C). Resting VO2 and fH and VO2 during exercise decreased with fasting. There was a significant relationship between VO2 and fH (r2 = 0.56), which was improved by including speed, body mass (Mb), number of days fasting (t) and a cross term between fH and t (r2 = 0.92). It was concluded that there was a significant change in the VO2 and fH relationship with fasting during exercise. As t is measurable in the field and was shown to be significant and, therefore, a practical covariate, a regression equation for use when birds are ashore was obtained by removing speed and Mb. Using this equation, the predicted VO2 was in good agreement with the observed data, with an overall error of 3.0%. There was no change in the fH/VO2 relationship in penguins at rest in water.




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