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1 School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
2 Craigiebuckler, Macaulay Institute, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
3 AstraZeneca, Cheshire, United Kingdom
4 Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: david.gardner{at}nottingham.ac.uk.
The prenatal nutritional environment influences the subsequent risk of hypertension in adulthood. Animal studies have used, generally, the rat as a model species to illustrate the association between maternal nutrient intake and blood pressure in the resulting adult offspring. No study to date has shown programming of adult cardiovascular function in the sheep through maternal dietary intervention. We therefore fed pregnant sheep to either 100% recommended intake from day 0 of gestation to term (~147 dGA; controls n=8) or to 50% recommended intake from day 0-95 dGA and thereafter to 100% intake (NR; n=9). Sheep lambed naturally, offspring were weaned at 16 weeks and the male offspring were reared on pasture until 3 years of age. At this time, cardiovascular catheters were inserted under halothane anaesthesia and sheep allowed 2-4 days recovery. Resting cardiovascular status and pressor responses to infusion of noradrenaline, angiotensin II and captopril were then assessed alongside resting plasma concentrations of glucose, cortisol and leptin. NR sheep were of similar birth weight to controls but at three years of age had higher blood pressure prior to, but not after, feeding. Peripheral sensitivity to vasoconstrictor infusion was similar between dietary groups, although a reflex bradycardia was not apparent in NR sheep during noradrenaline infusion. Circulating leptin correlated well with fat mass and increased more after vasoconstrictor infusion in NR sheep. In conclusion, early NR has been shown to programme aspects of cardiovascular control and adipocyte function in adult sheep.
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