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1 Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
2 Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
3 Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Renal Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: shirose{at}bio.titech.ac.jp.
Sulfate is required for proper cell growth and development of all organisms. Here we show that the renal sulfate transport system has dual roles in euryhaline eel, namely maintenance of sulfate homeostasis and osmoregulation of body fluids. To clarify the physiological roles of sulfate transporters in teleost fish we cloned orthologs of the mammalian renal sulfate transporters Slc13a1 (NaSi-1) and Slc26a1 (Sat-1) from eel, Anguilla japonica, and assessed their functional characteristics, tissue localization, and regulated expression. Full-length cDNAs coding for ajSlc13a1 and ajSlc26a1 were isolated from a freshwater eel kidney cDNA library. Functional expression in Xenopus oocytes revealed the expected sulfate transport characteristics; both transporters were furthermore inhibited by mercuric chloride. Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated robust apical and basolateral expression of ajSlc13a1 and ajSlc26a1, respectively, within the proximal tubule of freshwater eel kidney. Expression was dramatically reduced following the transfer of eels from freshwater to seawater; the circulating sulfate concentration in eels was in turn markedly elevated in freshwater compared to seawater conditions (19 mM versus 1 mM). The reabsorption of sulfate via the apical ajSlc13a1 and basolateral ajSlc26a1 transporters may thus contribute to freshwater osmoregulation in euryhaline eels, via the regulation of circulating sulfate concentration.
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