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1 School of Biology, Bute Medical Buildings, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom; Laboratoire de Biologie et Biotechnologies Marines, Universite de Caen, Caen, France
2 School of Biology, Bute Medical Buildings, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
3 School of Biology, Bute Medical Buildings, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
4 Gatty Marine Laboratory, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gc{at}st-andrews.ac.uk.
Complementary DNAs encoding homologues of the mammalian aquaglyceroporins (termed AQPe) and aquaporin-1 isoforms (termed AQP1) were isolated from the European eel. The AQP amino acid sequences share 35-54% identity with other known human AQPs. Although AQPe mRNA expression was approximately equivalent along the entire length of the gut, AQP1 expression was the highest in the posterior/rectal segment. Seawater (SW)-acclimation increased AQP1 mRNA abundance by 5- and 17-fold in the anterior, 14- and 23-fold in the mid and 9- and 7-fold in the posterior/rectal gut regions of yellow and silver eels respectively. SW-acclimation had an effect on AQPe mRNA expression only in the mid intestine of silver eels where a small but significant 1.7-fold increase in abundance was measured. Western blots using an eel AQP1-specific antibody identified the presence of a major immunoreactive 28 kDa protein, primarily within the posterior/rectal segment. A three-week SW transfer induced an increase in AQP1 protein abundance in all intestinal segments with the posterior/rectal region still expressing protein levels approximately 40- and 8-fold higher than the anterior and mid segments respectively. Strong AQP1 immunofluorescence was detected within the vascular endothelium in both freshwater (FW)- and SW-acclimated eels and in the epithelial apical brush border in the posterior/rectal gut regions of SW-acclimated eels. Cortisol infusion into FW-eels had no effect on intestinal AQPe mRNA expression but induced increases in AQP1 mRNA and protein levels. These results provide evidence for the presence of a SW-induced and steroid-regulated aquaporin water channel pathway within the intestine of the European eel.
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