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Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol (June 5, 2003). doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00748.2002
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Submitted on December 9, 2002
Accepted on May 18, 2003

Differential mechanisms for regulation of the stress response across latitudinal gradients

Creagh W Breuner1*, Miles Orchink2, Thomas P Hahn3, Simone L Meddle4, Ignacio T Moore5, Noah T Owen-Ashley5, Todd S Sperry5, and John C Wingfield5

1 Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
2 Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
3 Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
4 Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Biomedical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
5 Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: creagh{at}mail.utexas.edu.

We examined plasticity of the stress response among three populations of the white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys). These populations breed at different elevations and latitudes and thus have breeding seasons that differ markedly in length. We hypothesize that in populations where birds raise only one or rarely two broods in a season, the fitness costs of abandoning a nest is substantially larger than in closely related populations that raise up to three broods per season. Thus, individuals with short breeding seasons should be less responsive to stressors, and therefore less likely to abandon their young. In our study, baseline and handling-induced corticosterone levels were similar among populations, but corticosteroid binding globulins differed--leading to a direct relationship between stress-induced free CORT levels and length of breeding season. There were also population-specific differences in intracellular, low-affinity (glucocorticoid-like) receptors in both liver and brain tissue. Although investigations of population-based differences in glucocorticoid secretion are common, this is the first study to demonstrate population-level differences in binding globulins. These differences could lead to dramatically different physiological and behavioral responses to stress.




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