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1 Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
2 Muncie, Indiana, United States; Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States; Human Performance Lab, Ball State University, none, Muncie, Indiana, 47306, United States
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: strappe{at}bsu.edu.
The soleus muscle has been consistently shown to atrophy more than other leg muscles during unloading and is difficult to protect using various exercise countermeasure paradigms. However, the efficacy of aerobic exercise (AE), a known stimulus for oxidative adaptations, has not been tested in combination with resistance exercise (RE), a known hypertrophic stimulus. We hypothesized that a concurrent exercise program (AE + RE) would preserve soleus fiber (MHC I) size and function during 60-d of bed rest. A secondary objective was to test the hypothesis that a leucine enriched high protein diet would partially protect soleus single fiber characteristics. Soleus muscle biopsies were obtained before and after bed rest from a control (BR; n=7), nutrition (BRN; n=8), and exercise (BRE; n=6) group. Single muscle fiber diameter (Dia), peak force (Po), contractile velocity and power were studied. BR decreased (p<0.05) MHC I Dia (-14%), Po (-38%) and power (-39%) with no change in contractile velocity. Changes in MHC I size (-13%) and contractile function (~30%) from BRN was similar to BR. BRE decreased (p<0.05) MHC I Dia (-13%) and Po (-23%), while contractile velocity increased (p<0.05) 26% and maintained power. These soleus muscle data show: 1) the AE+RE exercise program maintained MHC I power, but not size and strength, 2) the nutrition countermeasure did not benefit single fiber size and contractile function. The divergent response in size and functional MHC I soleus properties with the concurrent exercise program was a unique finding further highlighting the challenges of protecting the unloaded soleus.
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