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1 Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
2 Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA; Neuroscience Program, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tasker{at}tulane.edu.
Magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) display bursting activity that is synchronized under certain conditions. They receive excitatory synaptic inputs from intra-hypothalamic glutamate circuits, some of which are activated by norepinephrine. Ascending noradrenergic afferents and intra-hypothalamic glutamate circuits may be responsible for the generation of synchronous bursting among oxytocin neurons and/or asynchronous bursting among vasopressin neurons located in the bilateral supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. Here, we tested whether magnocellular neurons of the paraventricular nucleus receive excitatory synaptic input from the contralateral PVN and the region of the retrochiasmatic SON (SONrx) via norepinephrine-sensitive inter-nuclear glutamate circuits. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were performed in PVN magnocellular neurons in coronal hypothalamic slices from male rats, and the ipsilateral SONrx region and contralateral PVN were stimulated using electrical and chemical stimulation. Electrical and glutamate microdrop stimulation of the ipsilateral SONrx region or contralateral PVN elicited excitatory postsynaptic potentials/currents (EPSP/Cs) in PVN magnocellular neurons mediated by glutamate release, revealing internuclear glutamatergic circuits. Microdrop application of norepinephrine also elicited EPSP/Cs, suggesting that these circuits could be activated by activation of noradrenergic receptors. Repetitive electrical stimulation and drop application of norepinephrine, in some cases, elicited bursts of action potentials. Our data reveal glutamatergic synaptic circuits that interconnect the magnocellular nuclei and that can be activated by norepinephrine. These inter-nuclear glutamatergic circuits may provide the functional architecture to support burst generation and/or burst synchronization in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons under conditions of activation.
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