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Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 282: R1027-R1036, 2002. First published November 23, 2001; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00465.2001
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Vol. 282, Issue 4, R1027-R1036, April 2002

Blood flows and nutrient uptakes in growth-restricted pregnancies induced by overnourishing adolescent sheep

Jacqueline M. Wallace1, Deirdre A. Bourke1, Raymond P. Aitken1, Neil Leitch1, and William W. Hay Jr.2

1 The Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, United Kingdom; and 2 Division of Perinatal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80262

To establish physiological mechanisms for fetal growth restriction in pregnant adolescent ewes we studied uterine, fetal, and uteroplacental metabolism in ewes offered a high (n = 12) or moderate (n = 10) dietary intake. High intakes decreased placental (226 vs. 414 g, P < 0.001) and fetal weight (3,323 vs. 4,626 g, P < 0.01). Uterine blood flow was reduced absolutely (-36%) but proportional to conceptus weight; umbilical blood flow was reduced absolutely (-37%) and per fetal weight (-15%). Uterine oxygen uptake was decreased per conceptus weight (-14%); there was no change in fetal weight oxygen consumption. Uteroplacental oxygen consumption and clearance were reduced proportional to weight. Similar changes were measured for glucose fluxes and fetal glucose concentration; fetal insulin concentration was reduced. In this model of fetal growth restriction, therefore, maintenance of fetal weight-specific glucose and oxygen consumption rates are producing relative hypoglycemia and hypoxemia. This indicates that increased fetal glucose clearance and/or insulin sensitivity may be operating as compensatory mechanisms to preserve normal fetal metabolism while fetal growth is sacrificed.

uterine blood flow; umbilical blood flow; placenta; fetus; intrauterine growth restriction


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