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Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 282: R1227-R1235, 2002. First published January 17, 2002; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00595.2001
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Vol. 282, Issue 4, R1227-R1235, April 2002

Leptin secretion and hypothalamic neuropeptide and receptor gene expression in sheep

Annette Sorensen1, Clare L. Adam2, Pat A. Findlay2, Michel Marie2, Louise Thomas2, Maureen T. Travers1, and Richard G. Vernon1

1 Hannah Research Institute, Ayr KA6 5HL; and 2 Appetite and Energy Balance Division, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, United Kingdom

Peripheral and hypothalamic mechanisms underlying the hyperphagia of lactation have been investigated in sheep. Sheep were fed ad libitum and killed at 6 and 18 days of lactation; ad libitum-fed nonlactating sheep were killed as controls. Despite increased food intake, lactating ewes were in negative energy balance. Lactation decreased plasma leptin and adipose tissue leptin mRNA concentrations. OB-Rb gene expression, determined by in situ hybridization, was increased in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) at both stages of lactation. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was increased by lactation in both the ARC and dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), although increased gene expression in the DMH was only apparent at day 18 of lactation. Gene expression was decreased for cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in the ARC and VMH and for proopiomelanocortin in ARC during lactation. Agouti-related peptide gene expression was increased in the ARC, and melanocortin receptor expression was unchanged in both the ARC and VMH with lactation. Thus the hypoleptinemia of lactation may activate NPY orexigenic pathways and attenuate anorexigenic melanocortin and CART pathways in the hypothalamus to promote the hyperphagia of lactation.

hypothalamic neuropeptides; appetite


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