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1 Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501; 2 Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 164-8639; 3 Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka 565-8565, Japan; and 4 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
Despite unfavorable conditions, a
single species of fish, Osorezan dace, lives in an extremely acidic
lake (pH 3.5) in Osorezan, Aomori, Japan. Physiological studies have
established that this fish is able to prevent acidification of its
plasma and loss of Na+. Here we show that these abilities
are mainly attributable to the chloride cells of the gill, which are
arranged in a follicular structure and contain high concentrations of
Na+-K+-ATPase, carbonic anhydrase II, type 3 Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE3), type 1 Na+-HCO
aquaporin; carbonic anhydrase; glutamine catabolism; sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter; sodium/proton exchanger
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