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APPETITE, OBESITY AND METABOLISM
1Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6504; and 2Department of Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology Program in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6520
Submitted 1 October 2003 ; accepted in final form 8 January 2004
Systemic injection of MK-801, a noncompetitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor ion channels, increases meal size and delays satiation. We examined whether MK-801 increases food intake by directly interfering with actions of cholecystokinin (CCK). Prior administration of MK-801 (100 µg/kg ip) reversed the inhibitory effects of CCK-8 (2 and 4 µg/kg ip) on real feeding of both liquid and solid foods. MK-801 alone did not alter 30-min sham intake of 15% sucrose compared with intake after saline. Furthermore, while CCK-8 (2 or 4 µg/kg ip) reduced sham intake, this reduction was not attenuated by MK-801 pretreatment. To ascertain whether MK-801 attenuation of CCK-induced reduction of real feeding was associated with attenuated inhibition of gastric emptying, we tested the effect of MK-801 pretreatment on CCK-induced inhibition of gastric emptying of 5-ml saline loads. Ten-minute gastric emptying was accelerated after MK-801 (3.9 ± 0.2 ml) compared with saline vehicle (2.72 ± 0.2 ml). CCK-8 (0.5 µg/kg ip) reduced 10-min emptying to 1.36 ± 0.3 ml. Pretreatment with MK-801 did not significantly attenuate CCK-8-induced reduction of gastric emptying (0.9 ± 0.4 ml). This series of experiments demonstrates that blockade of NMDA ion channels reverses inhibition of real feeding by CCK. However, neither inhibition of sham feeding nor inhibition of gastric emptying by CCK is attenuated by MK-801. Therefore, increased food intake after NMDA receptor blockade is not caused by a direct interference with CCK-induced satiation. Rather, increased real feeding, either in the presence or absence of CCK, depends on blockade of NMDA receptor participation in other postoral feedback signals such as gastric sensation or gastric tone.
sham feeding; gastric emptying; MK-801; N-methyl-D-aspartate
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