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GENETICALLY MODIFIED ANIMALS AND MODEL ORGANISMS
Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
Submitted 15 July 2004 ; accepted in final form 16 December 2004
The aim of this study was to characterize the response to exercise training in several mouse strains and estimate the genetic contribution to phenotypic variation in the responses to exercise training. Male mice from three inbred strains [C57Bl/6J (BL6), FVB/NJ (FVB), and Balb/cJ (Balb/c)] and three hybrid F1 strains [CB6F1/J (CB6 = female Balb/c x male BL6), B6F F1 (female BL6 x male FVB), and FB6 F1 (female FVB x male BL6)] completed an exercise performance test before and after a 4-wk treadmill running program. Distance was used as the primary estimate of endurance exercise performance. FVB mice showed the greatest response to training, with five- to sevenfold greater increases in distance run compared with BL6 and Balb/c strains. Specifically, BL6, FVB, and Balb/c strains increased distance by 33, 172, and 23%, respectively. A similar pattern of changes across strains was observed for run time (17, 87, and 11%) and work (99, 287, and 57%). As a group, F1 hybrid mice derived from BL6 and FVB strains showed an intermediate response to training (61%). However, further analysis indicated that training responses in FB6 F1 mice (80%) were 
2.5-fold greater than responses in B6F F1 mice (33%, P = 0.08). A similar pattern of changes between FB6 and B6F F1 mice was observed for run time (44.5 and 17%) and work (141 and 59%). These data demonstrate that there are large strain-dependent differences in training responses among inbred mouse strains, suggesting that genetic background contributes significantly to adaptation to exercise. Furthermore, the contrasting responses in B6F and FB6 F1 strains show that a maternal component strongly influences strain-dependent differences in training responses.
treadmill running; hybrid mouse strains; broad-sense heritability
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