HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 289/5/R1496    most recent 00338.2005v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (7) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Morici, G. Articles by Bonsignore, M. R. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Morici, G. Articles by Bonsignore, M. R.

ENVIRONMENTAL, EXERCISE AND RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY

Supramaximal exercise mobilizes hematopoietic progenitors and reticulocytes in athletes

¹Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; ²Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Italian National Research Council, Palermo; ³Laboratory of Haematology, V. Cervello Hospital, Palermo; ⁴Dept of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Italian Institute of Public Health, Rome, Italy; ⁵Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, V. Cervello Hospital, Palermo; and ⁶Institute of Medicine and Pneumology, University of Palermo, Italy

Submitted 11 May 2005 ; accepted in final form 13 July 2005

Marathon runners show increased circulating CD34+ cell counts and postexercise release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and flt3-ligand (Bonsignore MR, Morici G, Santoro A, Pegano M, Cascio L, Bonnano A, Abate P, Mirabella F, Profita M, Insalaco G, Gioia M, Vignola AM, Majolino I, Testa U, and Hogg JC. J Appl Physiol 93: 1691–1697, 2002). In the present study we hypothesized that supramaximal ("all-out") exercise may acutely affect circulating progenitors and reticulocytes and investigated possible mechanisms involved. Progenitor release was measured by flow cytometry (n = 20) and clonogenic assays (n = 6) in 20 young competitive rowers (13 M, 7 F, age ± SD: 17.1 ± 2.1 yr, peak O₂ consumption: 56.5 ± 11.4 ml·min^–1·kg^–1) at rest and shortly after 1,000 m "all-out." Release of reticulocytes, cortisol, muscle enzymes, neutrophil elastase, and several cytokines/growth factors was measured. Supramaximal exercise doubled circulating CD34+ cells (rest: 7.6 ± 3.0, all-out: 16.3 ± 9.1 cells/µl, P < 0.001), and increased immature reticulocyte fractions; AC133+ cells doubled, suggesting release of angiogenetic precursors. Erythrocyte burst forming units and colony forming units for granulocytes-monocytes and all blood series increased postexercise by 3.4-, 5.5-, and 4.8-fold, respectively (P < 0.01 for all). All-out rowing acutely increased plasma cortisol, neutrophil elastase, flt3-ligand, hepatocyte growth factor, VEGF, and transforming growth factor-1, and decreased erythropoietin; K-ligand, stromal-derived factor-1, IL-6, and G-CSF were unchanged. Therefore, all-out exercise is a physiological stimulus for progenitor release in athletes. Release of reticulocytes and proangiogenetic cells and mediators suggests tissue hypoxia as possibly involved in progenitor mobilization.

angiogenetic precursors; hypoxia; cytokines; growth factors

This article has been cited by other articles:

				D. M. Cooper, S. Radom-Aizik, C. Schwindt, and F. Zaldivar Jr. Dangerous exercise: lessons learned from dysregulated inflammatory responses to physical activity J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2007; 103(2): 700 - 709. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Buttner, S. Mosig, A. Lechtermann, H. Funke, and F. C. Mooren Exercise affects the gene expression profiles of human white blood cells J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2007; 102(1): 26 - 36. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Keslacy, R. S. Mazzeo, D. A. Giussani, A. S. Thakor, G. Insalaco, M. R. Bonsignore, F. A. Rodriguez, K. S. Mark, C. Reboul, S. Tanguy, et al. Commentary on Point-Counterpoint J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2006; 100(1): 363 - 363. [Full Text] [PDF]