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COMPARATIVE AND EVOLUTIONARY PHYSIOLOGY

Endothelin receptors in teleost fishes: cardiovascular effects and branchial distribution

¹Physiology Program, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and ²Department of Zoophysiology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden

Submitted 13 September 2004 ; accepted in final form 7 October 2005

By observing gill blood flow using epi-illuminating microscopy, in parallel with cardiovascular recordings and immunohistochemistry, we have tried to identify the receptor mediating endothelin (ET) type 1 (ET₁)-induced pillar cell contraction in the lamellae of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Intra-arterial injection of the specific ET_B receptor agonist BQ-3020 induced dose-dependent increases in ventral aortic blood pressure, gill vascular resistance, and pillar cell area (indicating contraction). The specific ET_A receptor antagonist BQ-610 did not prevent either pillar cell contraction or increased gill vascular resistance induced by ET-1 injection. The cardiovascular responses were corroborated by the detection of ET_B receptor-like immunoreactivity (IR) associated with pillar cells in the lamellar region and in neuroendocrine cells. ET_B receptor-like IR was also found lining the muscle layer of lamellar arterioles and filament arteries. In contrast, strong ET_A receptor-like IR was found on branchial nerves throughout the filaments. In addition, ET-like IR was concentrated in neuroendocrine cells in the filament and lamellae. We also present data suggesting that ET-mediated pillar cell contraction is widespread among teleost fish, including Atlantic cod, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius), and mackerel (Scomber scombrus). Taken together, our results suggest that an ET_B-like receptor mediates pillar cell contraction in fishes, whereas ET_A-like receptors may serve another function in the gill, inasmuch as ET_A receptor-like IR is found on branchial nerves.

gill; pillar cell; nerve; BQ-3020; BQ-610

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