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SLEEP AND TEMPERATURE REGULATION

Circadian rhythm disorganization produces profound cardiovascular and renal disease in hamsters

¹University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario; ²Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre for Cardiovascular Excellence, ³Departments of Physiology, Medicine, and Psychology, and ⁴Centre for Biological Timing and Cognition, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Submitted 16 November 2007 ; accepted in final form 12 February 2008

Sleep deprivation, shift work, and jet lag all disrupt normal biological rhythms and have major impacts on health; however, circadian disorganization has never been shown as a causal risk factor in organ disease. We now demonstrate devastating effects of rhythm disorganization on cardiovascular and renal integrity and that interventions based on circadian principles prevent disease pathology caused by a short-period mutation (tau) of the circadian system in hamsters. The point mutation in the circadian regulatory gene, casein kinase-1, produces early onset circadian entrainment with fragmented patterns of behavior in +/tau heterozygotes. Animals die at a younger age with cardiomyopathy, extensive fibrosis, and severely impaired contractility; they also have severe renal disease with proteinuria, tubular dilation, and cellular apoptosis. On light cycles appropriate for their genotype (22 h), cyclic behavioral patterns are normalized, cardiorenal phenotype is reversed, and hearts and kidneys show normal structure and function. Moreover, hypertrophy does not develop in animals whose suprachiasmatic nucleus was ablated as young adults. Circadian organization therefore is critical for normal health and longevity, whereas chronic global asynchrony is implicated in the etiology of cardiac and renal disease.

circadian; diurnal; tau hamsters; heart disease; renal disease; suprachiasmatic nucleus

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