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1 University of Texas Medical Branch
2 Transtimulation Research, Inc
3 VA Research & Education Foundation
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jianchen{at}utmb.edu.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of intestinal electrical stimulation (IES) on gastric tone, antral and pyloric contractions, and gastric emptying in dogs. Female hound dogs were equipped with a duodenal or gastric cannula and implanted with one pair of serosal electrodes at the small intestine. The study was composed of 5 different experiments. A test of liquid gastric emptying was performed in a number of sessions with and without IES, and with and without L-NNA (L-nitro-N-arginine). Gastric emptying was assessed by collecting the chyme from the duodenal cannula. Postprandial antral and pyloric contractions were measured by placing a manometric catheter into the antrum and the pylorus via the duodenal cannula. The measurements were taken at the absence/presence of IES and absence/presence of L-NNA or phentolamine. Gastric tone was assessed by the measurement of gastric volume at a constant pressure. It was found that gastric emptying was substantially and significantly delayed with IES or L-NNA in comparison with the control session. The IES-induced delayed gastric emptying became normal when L-NNA was added to IES. IES reduced gastric tone, that was blocked by L-NNA. IES also inhibited antral contractions (both frequency and amplitude) and this inhibitory effect was not blocked by L-NNA but by phentolamine. IES alone showed no effects on pyloric tone or resistance but decreased pyloric tone at the presence of L-NNA. In conclusion, IES reduces gastric tone via the nitrergic mechanism, inhibits antral contractions via the adrenergic pathway, exerts no effects on pyloric tone, and delays liquid gastric emptying. The IES-induced delay in gastric emptying is attributed to its inhibitory effects on gastric motility.
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