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1 The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd.
2 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd.
3 HortResearch
4 Horticultural and Food Institute of New Zealand
5 Horticultural and Food Research Institute of New Zealand
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: shurst2{at}hortresearch.co.nz.
Exercise-induced oxidative stress is instrumental in achieving the health benefits from regular exercise. Therefore, inappropriate use of fruit-derived products, (commonly applied as prophalytic antioxidants), may counteract the positive effects of exercise. Using human exercise and cellular models we found that (i) blackcurrant supplementation suppressed exercise-induced oxidative stress, e.g. plasma carbonyls (0.9±0.1 vs 0.6±0.1 nmol/mg protein, placebo vs blackcurrant), and (ii) pre-incubation of THP-1 cells with an anthocyanin rich blackcurrant extract inhibited LPS-stimulated (a) cytokine secretion; TNF
(16453 ± 322 vs 10941 ± 82 pg/mL, control vs extract, P<0.05) and IL-6 (476 ± 14 vs 326 ± 32 pg/mL, control vs extract, P<0.05) and (b) NF
B activation. In addition to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, we found that post-exercise plasma collected after blackcurrant supplementation enhanced the differential temporal LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in THP-1 cells, resulting in an early suppression of TNF
(1741 ± 32 vs 1312 ± 42 pg/mL, placebo vs blackcurrant, P<0.05) and IL-6 (44 ± 5 vs 36 ± 3 pg/mL, placebo vs blackcurrant, P<0.05) secretion after 24 hours. Furthermore, using an oxidative stress cell model, pre-incubation of THP-1 cells with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) prior to extract exposure caused a greater suppression of LPS-stimulated cytokine secretion after 24 hours, which was not evident when cells were simultaneously incubated with H2O2 and the extract. In summary, our findings support the concept that consumption of blackcurrant anthocyanins alleviate oxidative stress, and may, if given at the appropriate amount and time, complement exercise's ability to enhance immune responsiveness to potential pathogens.
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